Appendectomy

An appendectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the appendix, a small, tube-shaped organ attached to the large intestine. This surgery is most commonly performed to treat appendicitis, which is the inflammation or infection of the appendix.

There are two main types of appendectomy:

• Laparoscopic Appendectomy: This minimally invasive surgery involves making a few small incisions in the abdomen. A laparoscope (a small tube with a camera) and special instruments are used to remove the appendix.
• Open Appendectomy: In this traditional method, the surgeon makes a single larger incision in the lower right abdomen to remove the appendix.

Cholecystectomy / Gallbladder Surgery

A Cholecystectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver that stores bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. This surgery is most commonly performed to treat gallstones, which can cause pain, infection or other complications like Jaundice if they block the bileduct.

There are two main types of cholecystectomy:

• Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: It involves making small incisions in the abdomen and using a camera (laparoscope) and specialized tools to remove the gallbladder.
• Open Cholecystectomy: This is a more traditional method, where a larger incision is made in the abdomen to remove the gallbladder.

Laparotomy

A Laparotomy is a surgical procedure involving a large incision in the abdomen to access the abdominal organs for diagnosis or treatment. It is often performed in emergency situations or when less invasive techniques (like laparoscopy) are not suitable.

Common reasons for a laparotomy include:

• Abdominal Trauma
• Exploratory Surgery
• Tumor Removal
• Bowel Obstructions
• Infections like Abdominal Tuberculosis
• Perforated Organs
• Intestinal Gangrene

Colectomy

A colectomy is a surgical procedure in which all or part of the colon (large intestine) is removed. It is often performed to treat diseases or conditions affecting the colon, such as colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis or bowel obstruction.

There are different types of colectomies based on the portion of the colon that is removed: Total Colectomy, Right or Left Hemicolectomy, Proctocolectomy

The procedure can be performed in two ways:

• Laparoscopic Colectomy: A minimally invasive technique using small incisions, a camera and special instruments.
• Open Colectomy: In this method, a larger incision is made in the abdomen to access and remove the affected part of the colon.

Hernia Repair

Hernia repair is a surgical procedure to correct a hernia, which occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot or tear in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Hernias most commonly occur in the abdominal wall and can lead to discomfort, pain or complications like intestinal obstruction and strangulation.

There are two main types of hernia repair surgeries:

• Open Hernia Repair: In this traditional method, the surgeon makes an incision near the hernia site, pushes the protruding tissue back into place and strengthens the weakened area by placement of a mesh.
• Laparoscopic Hernia Repair: A minimally invasive surgery or key hole surgery is a modern surgical technique that involves performing surgical procedures through small incisions or ports using specialized instruments & camera.

Hemorrhoidectomy / Piles Surgery

A hemorrhoidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove hemorrhoids, which are swollen and inflamed veins in the anus and lower rectum. Hemorrhoids can cause pain, itching, bleeding and discomfort, especially during bowel movements.

There are two main types of hemorrhoids that can require surgery: External Hemorrhoids, Internal Hemorrhoids

The procedure involves the following:

• Traditional Hemorrhoidectomy: The surgeon makes incisions around the hemorrhoid, removes the swollen tissue and closes the incision with stitches.
• Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy (or Hemorrhoidopexy): In this less invasive technique, a circular stapling device is used to remove and reposition the hemorrhoid tissue, cutting off its blood supply.
• Laser Hemorrhoidectomy: Laser Hemorrhoidectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that uses laser energy to treat and shrink hemorrhoids. This method is designed to reduce pain, bleeding and recovery time compared to conventional surgical techniques.

Fistulectomy

A fistulectomy is a surgical procedure to remove an anal fistula, which is an abnormal tunnel-like connection between the anal canal and the skin surrounding the anus. Fistulas can occur due to various reasons, including complications from anal abscesses, inflammatory bowel diseases or injury.

The procedure involves the following:

• Open Fistulectomy: The surgeon makes an incision around the fistula opening and removes the entire fistulous tract.
• Seton Technique: In some cases, a seton (flexible tube or thread) may be placed in the fistula to help drain any infection and allow the fistula to heal gradually before complete removal. This is often done for complex or high anal fistulas.
• Laser Fistulectomy: Laser Fistulectomy is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat anal fistulas. It uses laser energy to ablate (burn away) the fistula tract, promoting closure and healing with reduced tissue damage compared to traditional surgical techniques.

Incision & Drainage

Incision and drainage (I&D) is a surgical procedure used to treat abscesses, which are collections of pus that can form in various tissues due to infection or inflammation. The procedure involves making an incision to allow the trapped pus to drain out, relieving pain and pressure and promoting healing.

Incision and drainage are commonly performed for various types of abscesses, including:

• Skin Abscesses
• Perianal abscesses
• Breast abscesses
• Soft Tissue Abscesses

Pilonidal Sinus Surgery

Pilonidal sinus surgery is a procedure to treat a pilonidal sinus, a small hole or tunnel in the skin that often gets infected and filled with pus or fluid, typically occurring near the tailbone at the top of the buttocks. The condition can be painful and may lead to the formation of cysts or abscesses. Surgery is often needed to drain the infection and remove the sinus tract to prevent recurrence.

Types of Pilonidal Sinus Surgery:

• Incision and Drainage (I&D): This is the simplest procedure where the abscess is drained to remove pus and infection. It’s typically used for acute cases.
• Excision of the Sinus Tract: In this procedure, the entire pilonidal sinus, along with any infected tissue, is removed. Depending on the technique, the wound may be left open to heal naturally (open wound healing) or closed with stitches (primary closure).
• Laser Pilonidal Surgery: A minimally invasive method where a laser is used to remove the sinus tract. The laser effectively seals the tract and destroys the infected tissue, reducing the chance of recurrence.
• Flap Techniques: For recurrent or complex cases, surgeons may perform a more advanced procedure using a flap of skin to cover the excised area, promoting faster healing and reducing the risk of recurrence.